In vivo efficacy of chloroquine, halofantrine, pyrimethairnine-sulfadoxine and (Jsp hosting)
In vivo efficacy of chloroquine, halofantrine, pyrimethairnine-sulfadoxine and qinghaosu (artesunate) in the treatment of malaria in Calabar, Nigeria. Ezedinachi E Department of Medicine, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Cent Afr J Med (ZIMBABWE) Apr 1996, 42 (4) p109-1 1, ISSN 0008-9176 We used the WHO in vivo seven day test, extended to 14 day follow up to evaluate the efficacy of the alternative antimalarial drugs in Nigeria (1992), where chloroquine resistant P. falciparum (CRPD) has been confirmed. One thousand and four patients were screened. Those fulfilling recruitment criteria were randomly treated with chloroquine (CQ), n = 50, halofantrine (H), n = 53, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (P-S), n = 52 and qinghaosu (Q), n = 53. Parasitological treatment failures were found with all drugs i.e. CQ-53.6pc, H-9.5pc, P-S-28.5pc and Q-2.Opc. H and Q were significantly more efficacious than CQ and P-S, p < 0.003 and p < 0.006, respectively. similarly symptom clearance after 48 hours by H and Q, was 76.3pc and 94pc respectively, better than CQ. P-S was not significantly better than CQ, 64.4pc and 63.3pc, respectively, p > 0.05. The symptom clearance rate of CQ has markedly reduced from 97.7pc to 67.7pc, and in increased proportion of RIII, from 5.9pc to 14.3pc, are signs of increase in chloroquine resistant Plasmodiurn falciparum. Drug resistant P. falciparurn in Nigeria constitutes a serious problem to malaria chemotherapy. Leukocyte counts in falciparurn malaria in African children from an endemic area. Sowunmi A; Akindele JA; Balogun MA Department of Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci (NIGERIA) Jun 1995, 24 (2) p145-9, ISSN 0309-3913 Total leukocyte counts were done in 180 apparently healthy rural school children aged 6-12 years in a malaria endemic area in southwestern Nigeria. Total leukocyte counts and their distribution in aparasitaernic and asymptornatic parasitaernic children were similar. Total leukocyte counts, and the relationship between the density of parasitaemic and total leukocyte counts were studied in 55 consecutive children presenting with acute symptomatic falciparum. malaria. Children without parasitaernia were older and had lower total leukocyte counts when compared with children with parasitaernia (7.61 +/- 4.11 x 10(9)/L Vs 9.04 +/- 5.0 x 10(9)/L), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In non-hyperparasitaernic children and in hyperparasitaemic children with percentage infected red cells < 10%, there was poor correlation between density of parasitaemia and total leukocyte counts. However, at > or = 10% parasitaernia, there was a positive correlation (r = 0.55; P = 0.032) between increasing parasitaernia and leuk-ocytosis. Combination of hyperparasitaemia ( > 5% parasitaemia) and leukocytosis ( > 12 x 10(9)/L) occurred in 15% of the children and was not a poor prognostic index in the absence of other evidence of severe or complicated disease, as response to oral mefloquine was prompt. This would suggest that in African children from an endemic area, this combination is not a reliable indicator of severity or poor prognosis in falciparurn malaria. Towards malaria control in Nigeria: a qualitative study on the population of mosquitoes. Wagbatsoma VA; Ogbeide O Dept of Community Health, University of Benin, Nigeria. J R Soc Health (ENGLAND) Dec 1995, 115 (6) p363-5, ISSN 0264-0325 Part I-13
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