be studied. (ii) Surveys of (Hosting gratis) sylvatic vectors should
be studied. (ii) Surveys of sylvatic vectors should show, for the endemic zones of each country, the type of contact between sylvatic vectors and man in both rural and wild biotopes. (iii) A complete map of the Stegomyia foci with an assessment of their potential epidemic risk (an analysis of the productivity of the sites depending on their type). (iv) Assessment of the immune status of the populations of the various ecosystems of each country, taking account of past or present vaccination strategies. There are several prevention strategies to choose from. The author advocates preparation of a scientifically based, subregional plan for optimum cost effectiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) A survey for haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to West Nile virus in human and animal sera in Nigeria. Olaleye OD; Omilabu SA; Ilomechina EN; Fagbami AH Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis (ENGLAND) 1990, 13 (1) p35-9, ISSN A survey for West Nile Virus (WNV) haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody was carried out in humans and domestic animals. Human sera were collected from lbadan, while the animal sera were collected from both Ibadan and Maiduguri. Out of 304 human sera tested, 123 were positive (40%). There was a higher prevalence of HI antibody in adults than children. Sex distribution of positive sera showed that 37% of males and 43% of females had WNV I-H antibody. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HI antibody in both sexes. On the 123 WNV HI positive sera tested, 104 (85%) and 78 (75%) had yellow fever and Potiskum HI antibody respectively. Monotypic WNV virus reactions were frequently found in children while polytypic reactions were frequently found in adults. A total of 200 animal sera were examined, 50 camels, 50 goats, 49 cattle and 51 sheep. The highest prevalence of HI antibody was found in camels (26%), followed by sheep (20%). Percentage of positive sera in other species were: goat (18%) and cattle (6%). Of the 3 5 WNV HI positive animal sera, 26 and 20% reacted with Yellow fever and Potiskum virus antigens respectively. Epidemic yellow fever caused by an incompetent mosquito vector. Miller BR; Monath TP; Tabachnick WJ; Ezike VI Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado. Trop Med Parasitol (GERMANY, WEST) Dec 1989, 40 (4) p396-9, ISSN Arbovirus epidemics in a geographic region are believed to depend on the presence of susceptible or competent arthropod vectors. We demonstrate that an urban, Aedes aegypti-borne, epidemic of yellow fever occurred in 1987 although the mosquito vector was relatively resistant to infection and transmitted the virus inefficiently. Twenty-six percent of the experimental mosquitoes from the epidemic area that ingested yellow fever virus became infected and only 7% of these transmitted the virus. In contrast, 80% of an exotic susceptible strain of Ae. aegypti became infected and 43% were able to transmit. We also show that no other potential vectors were active during the epidemic and that the local Ae. aegypti were present in extremely large numbers. These results document, for the first time, that, in the presence of high population density an incompetent mosquito vector can initiate and maintain virus transmission resulting in an epidemic. Part I-29
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