complement fixation reactions were found frequently in (Web hosting comparisons) young
complement fixation reactions were found frequently in young people, but broadly reacting sera were common among the older age groups. Sex distribution of West Nile CF antibody showed that 49/82 (60%) of females and 62/88 (75%) of males had West Nile CF antibody. Tests on animal sera showed that 3 3 % contained CF antibody to West Nile virus. Prevalence of CF antibody in different animal species was 62% in camels, 4% in cattle and 0% in goats. Seroepidemiological survey for yellow fever antibodies in domestic animals. Adu F; Esan J; Baba SS Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Rev Rouin Virol (ROMANIA) Jul-Dec 1990, 41 (3-4) p147-50, ISSN A total of 192 out of 300 serum samples from camel, cattle, sheep and goats tested for yellow fever virus antibody by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis were found positive. This test was confirmed by the single radial haemolysis and serum neutralization tests. Twenty-one and 36 sera were positive for specific yellow fever virus antibodies by the single radial haemolysis and serum neutralization tests respectively. The possible role of these animals in the epidemiology of yellow fever is discussed. [Yellow fever in Western Africa, 1973-1987. Observed facts–studies realized, campaign, prevention and forecast] La fievre jaune en Afrique occidentale, 1973-1987. Faits observes–etudes realisees, lutte, prevention et prevision. Cordellier R Institut francais de recherche scientifique pour le developpement en cooperation (ORSTOM), Bouake, Cote d lvoire. World Health Stat Q (SWITZERLAND) 1990, 43 (2) p52-67, ISSN 0379-8070 This global analysis of the situation is based on a review of notifications, observations and studies concerning yellow fever in 16 of 17 countries of the West African subregion (Algeria is not affected for the years 1973-1987). In view of this analysis and the epidemiological picture, the author proposes a plan of concerted action to confine yellow fever to its monkey-to-monkey cycle in the wild. Official notifications vary greatly from one country to the next. Any of five major causes could explain this: ecological and ethological conditions that favour circulation of the virus in the wild and man-to-man transmission to different extents; the immune status of the populations; the difficulty of diagnosing especially isolated cases; lack of means for investigation; and negligence. The quantity and gravity of human cases are systematically underestimated, sometimes to a great extent. Lack of resources and difficulty of diagnosis, but also in many instances the attitude of the population, can account for this. Modem means of investigation, faster intervention by specialists, and better knowledge of how the virus is transmitted, have shown recently an increasing gap between notifications and the actual situation. Research and monitoring programmes are particularly important. The programmes under way in Senegal and Cote d Ivoire have already resulted in considerable improvement in the action against epidemics. Because of these programmes, our knowledge of the very complex pattern of viral circulation is improving, thereby helping us develop systems for prevention and enabling us to forecast epidemics. Priority areas for study and research are: (i) Basic programmes for detailed study of all the topotypes of the virus, and identification of the viral amplification cycles that recur over several years. Such studies are under way in Senegal and Cote dIvoire. They would be particularly useful in Ghana and in Nigeria, where the taxonomy and bioecology of A. africanus s.l. should also Part I-28
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