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In 33 children with confirmed Plasmodium falciparurn malaria, the WHO Extended Field Test was employed to test the sensitivity of the parasite to chloroquine in Zaria urban area. No evidence of resistance to the drug was found. In 82% of the patients parasitaemia had disappeared within 3 days, while the remaining 18% were parasite negative on day 4 or 5. The mean parasite clearance time was calculated as 3.45 +/- 1.23 days. The results suggest that chloroquine sensitivity of P. falciparum may be decreased in this part of Nigeria. Part I-19
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disease, benign essential tremor, primary cerebellar degeneration, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, organic psychosis (probable intracranial tumor) and 5 each for muscular dystrophy, pyomyositis, spina bifida occulta, alcohol dependence and cerebral malaria. The implications of the findings are important for development of community neurological services in the developing countries. Chloroquine resistance of Plasmodiurn falciparum in semi-immune children in Zaria, northern Nigeria. Lege-Oguntoye L; Abua JU; Werblinska B; Ogala WN; Slotboom AB; Olurinola PF Department of Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (ENGLAND) Sep-Oct 1989, 83 (5) p599-601, Fifty-nine children with Plasmodium falciparum. malaria were subjected to the World Health Organization (WHO) extended field test to assess the in vivo sensitivity of the parasite to chloroquine in Zaria urban area, Nigeria. The parasites in 53 children (90%) were positive but those in 6 (10%) were resistant at the RI-RII level. 36 isolates from the patients were successfully cultured in vitro for the WHO standard microtest. 13 (37%) of the isolates under-went schizogony at chloroquine concentrations of 1.6 microM/litre and above. Probit analysis showed that the chloroquine concentrations producing 50% (EC50), 90% (EC90) and 99% (EC99) schizont inhibition were 0.4, 1.6 and 4.9 microM/litre, respectively. The results indicate a rapid decline in the sensitivity of P. falciparurn to chloroquine in the study area during the past 3 years. Child health and child care in Okelele: an indigenous area of the city of Ilorin, Nigeria. Adedoyin MA; Watts SJ Department of Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Soc Sci Med (ENGLAND) 1989, 29 (12) p1333-41, ISSN 0277-9536 This paper provides a detailed analysis of the survival rates and health problems of a cohort of children born during a 5-yr period in part of the city of Ilorin, Nigera. The findings are linked to a demographic and environmental study which indicates that the study area was relatively stable in tenns of family structure and population turnover. Most people work in the informal sector, in trading, small scale crafts and service industries. At the time the survey began, in 1979, the provision of piped water supplies to the area was unreliable and sanitation provisions rudimentary. Most of the people had little or no formal education and were very poor. The study indicated that health status had improved over the 5-yr period, compared to a baseline study conducted in 1979. Common causes of child mortality and morbidity included diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, measles, and malaria. The infant mortality rate was 41.5/1000. The availability of clinic care at nominal cost, and the attendance of others at the clinic for checkups and immunization, resulted in a higher level of health for their children than otherwise would have been possible. Some problems of primary health care in the area are mentioned, in the light of Nigeria s current budgetary problems, and the utilization of existing strong social support networks to improve health care and environmental sanitation and water supply is suggested. In-vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum. to chloroquine in Zaria, Nigeria. Midala TA; Lege-Oguntoye L; Werblinska B; Bhatt GC Department of Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. J Trop Med Hyg (ENGLAND) Feb 1988, 91 (1) p9-11, ISSN 0022-5304 Part I-18

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Malaria in Nigeria: a revisit. Salako LA; Ajayi FO; Sowunmi A; Walker O Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol (ENGLAND) Oct 1990, 84 (5) p435-45, ISSN The frequency of asymptornatic malaria parasitaemia was investigated in rural and urban school- children aged six to 12 years in southwestern Nigeria between January 1987 and October 1988. Asymptornatic parasitaernia was detected in the rural school-children all year round with the lowest parasite rate in January and the highest in July, corresponding to the mid-dry and wet seasons respectively. Asymptornatic parasitaemia was also common amongst urban school- children, but the frequency was lower than in the rural children. Parasite density was less than or equal to 1000 microliters-1 in 42% of parasite-positive asymptornatic children and was greater than 10,000 microliters-1 in only 20% of them. Mass treatment with chloroquine, to which the parasites were fully sensitive, was followed by the same rate of re-infection in the parasite-positive and parasite-negative groups. Of 7713 patients clinically diagnosed as having malaria 4425 were found to have parasitologically-proven malaria, and of these 4239 had pure Plasmodiurn falciparum malaria. Of the patients with falciparum. malaria only 4.6% were below the age of one year. In 47% the parasite count was less than or equal to 1000 microliters-1, and it was over 10,000 microliters-1 in 37% and over 25 0,000 microliters-1 in 16%. There was no significant difference between the asymptornatic children and the acutely ill patients in the percentage with parasite densities less than or equal to 1000 microliters-1, but the percentage with parasite densities greater than 10,000 microliters-1 was significantly greater in the acute malaria patients than in those with asymptornatic parasitaernia. Neurological disorders in Nigerian Africans: a community-based study. Osuntokun BO; Adeuja AO; Schoenberg BS; Bademosi 0; Nottidge VA; Olumide AO; Ige O; Yaria F; Bolis CL ActaNeurol Scand (DENMARK) Jan 1987, 75 (1) p13-21, ISSN 0001-6314 In a Nigerian town with a stable population of 20,000, a door-to-door survey was conducted, using a questionnaire involving a complete census and a simple neurological evaluation which had previously showed a 95% sensitivity and an 80% specificity for detecting neurological disease. Positive responders were evaluated and categorised, using agreed criteria for diagnoses. Nearly 100% cooperation was obtained. Life prevalence ratio for at least one episode of headache was 51 /1000. Crude point prevalence ratio for migrainous, headache was 5.3/100, and peak age-specific ratio was in the first decade. Prevalence ratio for epilepsy was 533/100,000 and peak age-specific prevalence ratio occurred in the 5-14 years age groups. The prevalence ratio for peripheral nerve disorders was 268/100,000, and age-specific prevalence ratio for tropical neuropathy increased with age. Prevalence ratio for stroke was rather low at 58/100,000, but was probably due to the people s attitude to the disabled elderly and high mortality of stroke which showed annual mortality rate of 70/100,000 which increased with age to 1519/100,000 per year in the eighth decade. Crude prevalence ratios (cases per 100,000) for others are 112 for neurological complications (including sciatica) of spondylosis, 15 each for poliomyelitis, motor neurone disease, development speech disorders, 10 each for syncope, hereditary neuropathies. Parkinson s Part I-17

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fever.with gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhoea. The majority of the adults were comatose (five out of seven) without fever on admission. A review of the English literature on the diagnosis, pathogenesis and management of CM is also presented. The possible reasons of the rising incidence of CM in a holoendemic region such as Nigeria are discussed. Problems of. chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. in Nigeria: one antimalaria drugs utilisation in metropolitan Calabar. Ezedinachi EN; Ejezie GC; Emeribe AO Department of Medicine, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Cent Afr J Med (ZIMBABWE) Jan 1991, 37 (1) p16-20, ISSN 0008-9176 We studied the antimalarial drugs utilisati.on pattern in urban Calabar, with a view to determining what drugs people take when they have malaria attack and who diagnoses and prescribes the drugs. We used a standard questionnaire data sheet to record the results of the interview carried out by the authors. Malaria symptoms and the drugs consumed were diagnosed and prescribed respectively by self (54pc), qualified medical doctor (32pc) and others including paramedical staff (2pc). The rest (12pc) took traditional remedies. The antimalarial drugs (chloroquine, fansidar, camouqin) were chosen because of their efficacy/popularity (21pc), cheapness (43pc) and availability (34pc). Among those interviewed, only 21.2pc took the adequate curative dose of 25 mg/kg chloroquine for 3 days according to WHO recommendations. Majority of the consumers took their drugs orally, but some (17pc) had chloroquine injections, administered, in some cases, by ill-qualified patient medicine dealer. The results show that there is an association between the level of education and the pattern of remedy sought by the respondents (p less than 0.05). Self- medication was practised significantly more by those with formal education than by those without (p less than 0.05). The trend of consulting patent medicine dealers for prescription decreased with acquisition of more formal education. Conversely, significantly more of the respondents with higher education consulted qualified medical doctors or paramedical staff (P less than 0.05). Two aspects of drug abuse observed here, i.e. the utilisation of sub-curative doses of chloroquine and monotherapy are believed to be two of the factors that lead to the several chloroquine treatment failures which have been recently reported in Calabar, and other areas of Nigeria. Resistance of Plasmodiurn falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination in semi-immune children in Zaria, northern Nigeria. Lege-Oguntoye L; Adagu SI; Werblinska B; Ogala WN; Slotboom AB Department of Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (ENGLAND) Jul-Aug 1990, 84 (4) p505-6, ISSN The World Health Organization (WHO) extended field test was employed to assess the in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum. to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination in 44 children in Zaria urban area. 36 children (82%) were fully sensitive to the drug and 8 (18%) were resistant at the RI level. 8 parasite isolates were obtained from the children and successfully cultured in vitro using the WHO microtest (mark II) system. Me 8 isolates underwent schizogony at concentrations of 10,000 pmol sulfadoxine/125 pmol pyrimethamine per well, indicating in vitro resistance. Part I-16
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parasitaernia. This showed a significantly higher parasite rate in the rural area as compared to the urban areas (p < 0.05). Only P. falciparum was found in the urban subjects while 7.4 pc of the rural infection was due to P. malariae. All the different erythrocytic stages both sexual and asexual forms of P. falciparum were seen in the rural samples whereas no schizont was seen in the urban samples. The haernoglobin genotype did not affect the prevalence of parasitaemia. in the two populations studied. However, a lower parasite rate was observed among G6PD deficient subjects in both populations. There was also a significantly lower parasite infection rate among those with the B-antigen in the two populations studied. [A case of Plasmodium falciparum. malaria successfully treated with halofantrine] Obana M; Oda T; Matsuoka Y; Irimajiri S; Kano S; Suzuki M Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital. Kansenshogaku, Zasshi (JAPAN) Mar 1994, 68 (3) p399-402, ISSN A 44-year-old male, who had been to Lagos, Nigeria, was admitted to our hospital because of a high grade fever on July 20, 1993. On admission, Plasmodium falciparum was detected in his blood smears and the antibody titers against P. falciparurn and Plasmodium vivax antigens were 1:256 and < 1:4 respectively by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Therefore, he was diagnosed as having P. falciparum. malaria. He was treated with halofantrine (Halfan: Smith Kline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, England), two tablets at six-hourly intervals, a total of six tablets (1500 mg). Parasites were cleared rapidly and remission was achieved without any adverse reactions. Halofantrine can therefore be recommended for the treatment of imported P. falciparurn malaria. A study of malaria parasitaemia in pregnant women, placentae, cord blood and newborn babies in Lagos, Nigeria. Lamikanra OT Institute of Child Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere. West Afr J Med (NIGERIA) Oct-Dec 1993, 12 (4) p213-7, ISSN 0189-160X The peripheral blood of 10 1 pregnant women at delivery, their 105 new bom babies and the corresponding placental, and cord blood smears were examined cross sectionally for malaria parasites, during a 3 month period (May-July, 1986). The average maternal age was 26.3 years. Positive parasitaemia was found in 2.97% of maternal peripheral thick blood films; in 2.94% of placental smears, and in 0.95% of cord blood films. Congenital malaria did not occur in the babies. Rising incidence of cerebral malaria in Lagos, Nigeria: a postmoterm study. Elesha SO; Adepoju FB; Banjo AA Department of Morbid Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria. East Afr Med J (KENYA) May 1993, 70 (5) p302-6, ISSN 0012-835X One hundred and forty seven cases of acute malaria were diagnosed at autopsy between 1988 and 1991 at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). In 67 (46.5%) cases death was attributed to cerebral malaria (CM). There was a gradual increase in the incidence of CM during the period under review. Both sexes were affected equally but more children than adults succumbed. The highest death rate was recorded in the age group 1-5 years with a peak in the 2nd and 3rd year. There were seven adults out of which one was intenerant white lady. Only one of the six adult Nigerians had travelled outside Africa and stayed away for about four years. The commonest presenting symptoms were: fever only, fever with convulsions and/or coma and Part I-15

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Malaria is still highly prevalent in many tropical countries and this disease can only survive in areas where mosquitoes and infected human populations are high. Relevant information on the species of mosquitoes, their habitats and their population are important in planning preventative strategies in the control of malaria, hence this study. Mosquito species and their habitats were investigated in both high and low density areas of Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The results showed that Culex pipiens fatigans, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae and Culex trigripes were the commonest mosquitoes found in Benin City. Among the habitats studied, containers and gutters had the highest population of mosquitoes. The serious public health implications of these various species of mosquitoes is the possibility of outbreaks of infectious diseases like yellow fever, dengue, which some of these mosquitoes are known to transmit. Malaria, though endemic, is also important because of its associated high morbidity and mortality rates. This study provides some useful information on the habitats and species of mosquitoes found in Benin City. Follow-up studies are being carried out by the authors on quantitative studies on the population of these species of mosquitoes, the dissolved elements present in the different habitats that could promote or inhibit the breeding of mosquitoes, and KAP surveys on mosquitoes and malaria among the Benin populace. It is hoped that such comprehensive data would be very useful in planning effective preventative strategies in the control of malaria in Benin City. Antimalarial drug response of Plasmodium falciparum. from Zaria, Nigeria. Adagu IS; Warhurst DC; Ogala WN; Abdu-Aguye I; Audu LI; Bamgbola FO; Ovwigho UB Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (ENGLAND) Jul-Aug 1995, 89 (4) p422-5, ISSN The sensitivity of Zaria strains of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine was investigated 5 years after the appearance of in vivo/in vitro chloroquine resistance in urban Zaria. Infections in 36/43 children (83.7%) treated with chloroquine were sensitive while those in 7 (16.3%) were resistant. 8/13 isolates cultured (61.5%) were sensitive in vitro to chloroquine and 5 (38.5%) were resistant. Of the cultured isolates, 13/13 (100%), 12/13 (92.3%) and 5/7 (71.4%) showed mefloquine, quinine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine sensitivity, respectively. The results confirmed chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimetharnine resistance in urban Zaria and revealed emerging quinine resistance. Resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimetharnine is at RI level and chloroquine should continue to be the first-line drug for the treatment and prevention of P. falciparum infection in the Zaria area of northern Nigeria. We suggest that, while quinine serves as second-line drug, mefloquine should be reserved for infections resistant to chloroquine, quinine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine. Prevalence of asymptornatic parasitaemia in an urban and rural community in south western Nigeria. Adernowo OG; Falusi AG; Mewoyeka OO Postgraduate Institute for Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Cent Afr J Med (ZIMBABWE) Jan 1995, 41 (1) p18-21, ISSN 0008-9176 The prevalence of malaria parasitaernia was investigated among secondary school students in Ibadan city and a neighbouring rural community in Nigeria. Of 343 urban and 249 rural seemingly healthy subjects examined, 8 pc and 27 pc respectively were found positive for malaria Part I-14
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In vivo efficacy of chloroquine, halofantrine, pyrimethairnine-sulfadoxine and qinghaosu (artesunate) in the treatment of malaria in Calabar, Nigeria. Ezedinachi E Department of Medicine, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Cent Afr J Med (ZIMBABWE) Apr 1996, 42 (4) p109-1 1, ISSN 0008-9176 We used the WHO in vivo seven day test, extended to 14 day follow up to evaluate the efficacy of the alternative antimalarial drugs in Nigeria (1992), where chloroquine resistant P. falciparum (CRPD) has been confirmed. One thousand and four patients were screened. Those fulfilling recruitment criteria were randomly treated with chloroquine (CQ), n = 50, halofantrine (H), n = 53, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (P-S), n = 52 and qinghaosu (Q), n = 53. Parasitological treatment failures were found with all drugs i.e. CQ-53.6pc, H-9.5pc, P-S-28.5pc and Q-2.Opc. H and Q were significantly more efficacious than CQ and P-S, p < 0.003 and p < 0.006, respectively. similarly symptom clearance after 48 hours by H and Q, was 76.3pc and 94pc respectively, better than CQ. P-S was not significantly better than CQ, 64.4pc and 63.3pc, respectively, p > 0.05. The symptom clearance rate of CQ has markedly reduced from 97.7pc to 67.7pc, and in increased proportion of RIII, from 5.9pc to 14.3pc, are signs of increase in chloroquine resistant Plasmodiurn falciparum. Drug resistant P. falciparurn in Nigeria constitutes a serious problem to malaria chemotherapy. Leukocyte counts in falciparurn malaria in African children from an endemic area. Sowunmi A; Akindele JA; Balogun MA Department of Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci (NIGERIA) Jun 1995, 24 (2) p145-9, ISSN 0309-3913 Total leukocyte counts were done in 180 apparently healthy rural school children aged 6-12 years in a malaria endemic area in southwestern Nigeria. Total leukocyte counts and their distribution in aparasitaernic and asymptornatic parasitaernic children were similar. Total leukocyte counts, and the relationship between the density of parasitaemic and total leukocyte counts were studied in 55 consecutive children presenting with acute symptomatic falciparum. malaria. Children without parasitaernia were older and had lower total leukocyte counts when compared with children with parasitaernia (7.61 +/- 4.11 x 10(9)/L Vs 9.04 +/- 5.0 x 10(9)/L), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In non-hyperparasitaernic children and in hyperparasitaemic children with percentage infected red cells < 10%, there was poor correlation between density of parasitaemia and total leukocyte counts. However, at > or = 10% parasitaernia, there was a positive correlation (r = 0.55; P = 0.032) between increasing parasitaernia and leuk-ocytosis. Combination of hyperparasitaemia ( > 5% parasitaemia) and leukocytosis ( > 12 x 10(9)/L) occurred in 15% of the children and was not a poor prognostic index in the absence of other evidence of severe or complicated disease, as response to oral mefloquine was prompt. This would suggest that in African children from an endemic area, this combination is not a reliable indicator of severity or poor prognosis in falciparurn malaria. Towards malaria control in Nigeria: a qualitative study on the population of mosquitoes. Wagbatsoma VA; Ogbeide O Dept of Community Health, University of Benin, Nigeria. J R Soc Health (ENGLAND) Dec 1995, 115 (6) p363-5, ISSN 0264-0325 Part I-13

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ON URBAN MALARIA IN NIGERIA Interaction between acute diarrhoea and falciparurn malaria in Nigerian children. by Sodeinde O; Adeyemo AA; Gbadegesin RA; Olaleye BO; Ajayi-Obe KE; Adernowo OG Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, P.M.B., Ibadan, Nigeria. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res (BANGLADESH) Dec 1996, 14 (4) p269-73, ISSN Although both malaria and diarrhoea are major public health problems in developing countries, and separately each has been the subject of intense research, few studies have investigated the interaction between these two conditions. The interaction between diarrhoea and malaria among children aged 4 months to 12 years in two tertiary health-care facilities, University College Hospital, lbadan, and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria was studied. In lbadan, the prevalence of diarrhoea among the cerebral malaria patients on admission as 11. 7% (7/60) compared to 9.3% (215/2312) among other admissions in 1990 (chi square 0. 16; p = 0.6913). Similarly, no significant difference in the prevalence of diarrhoea was found between the cerebral malaria patients (14.3%) and other patients (16. 1%) seen in Lagos in 1992 (chi square = 0.06, p = 0.81). Thus, cerebral malaria does not seem to be associated with an increased or decreased prevalence of diarrhoea when compared with other conditions. The prevalence of malarial parasitaernia among the 554 diarrhoea patients studied in Ibadan during 1993-1994 was 13.6% compared with 17.9% among the 347 controls (chi square = 3.75, p = 0.053). However, of the children with diarrhoea, malarial parasitaernia was more common among the dehydrated patients (25.4%) than among the well-hydrated patients (11.6%) (chi square = 8.11, p = 0.004). These data suggest that diarrhoea is merely coincidental in severe malaria and conversely, malarial parasitaernia is similarly coincidental in children with acute diarrhoea, although it may be more frequent among dehydrated diarrhoea patients than well-hydrated ones. Malaria in pregnancy: efficacy of a low dose of mefloquine in an area holoendemic for multi-drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Okeyeh JN; Lege-Oguntoye L; Ernembolu JO; Agbo M Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol (ENGLAND) Jun 1996, 90 (3) p265-8, ISSN Thirty-three pregnant women with pure P. falciparurn parasitaernias (> or 10(3) parasites/microliters blood), were each treated with a single, oral dose (12.5 mg/kg body weight) of mefloquine base (MQ), at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria urban area, Nigeria. All 33 women were aparasitaernic by day 6 post-treatment and none became parasitaemic during the remaining 21 days of observation. Minimal side-effects were reported by the patients. The mean (S.D.) fever- and parasite-clearance times were 48 (17) and 50 (26) h, respectively. In standard microtests in vitro, schizont maturation was inhibited with MQ at 16 pmol/well (3.2 pmol/microliters). These findings indicate that, at least in the study area, semi-immune, pregnant women have high tolerability to relatively low doses of MQ and that such doses are fully effective against the local P. falciparum isolates. Part I-12
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GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY BASICS. 1997. FY 97 Annual Program Report and FY 98 Workplan. Brieger, WR, and Ogynlade, PB. September-December 1997. Draft: Document Exercise: A Process Evaluation of hte Lagos Community Partners for Health Programme of BASICS, Nigeria. Carey, DE et al. 1971. Dengue viruses from febrile patients in Nigeria, 1964-1968. Lancet 1:105 106. Carey, DE. 1971. Chickungunya and dengue: A case of mistaken identity. J. Hist. Med. Allied Sci. 16:243-262. Fagbami and Fabiyi. 1976. Epidemiology of dengue infections in Nigeria: Virus infections and clinical observations. 1972-1975. JOURNAL? 79:226-228. Fagbami, AH, Monath, TP, Fabiyi A. YEAR? Dengue virus infections in Nigeria: A survey for antibodies in monkeys and humans. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med. & Hyg 71(1):60-65. Federal Ministry of Health, Lagos. National Malaria Control Policy for Nigeria. 1997 Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. July 1987-Dec. 1989. National Malaria Therapy Surveillance Network. Executive Summary. National Malaria & Vector Control Division, Dept. of Primary Health Care and Disease Control, Federal Ministry of Health & Social Services, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. 1992. New Initiative in Malaria Control in Nigeria. Report of Workshops for Patient Medicine Vendors in Lagos State and Ogun State. Nigeria National Malaria Control Unit. n.d. Facts to Know about Malaria. (one-page public information sheet) Nigeria Bulletin of Epidemiology. November 1991. 1:3. (a quarterly publication of the Epideiological Division, Disease Control and International Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Lagos, Nigeria.) whole issue is devoled to malaria and new guidelines. Silimperi, DR, Macauley, RMJ, Ayodele, JO, Orisasona, S., and Williams, C. n.d. Lagos Community Partners for Health: Innovative Private Sector Partnerships Promote Child Survival. Sukwa, TY et al. February 1996. A Rapid Assessment of Urban Malaria in the City of Kitwe, Zambia. EHP Report for the File No. 121. Arlington, Va., EHP. Wijeyaratne, Pandu. November 1997. Initial Investigation of Insects and Other Pests in Communiites around the As-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant (Jordan). EHP Report fo rhte File No. 140. Arlington, Va., EHP. Part I-11
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4.3 Team C Environmental/Entomology/Parasitology and Epidemiology Personnel: (1) Epidemiologist/Coordinator (1) - 15 days (Dr. M. E. Mosanya) (2) Parasitologists (2) -35 days (Messers R.N.Chiedu & M.A. Aro) (3) Field Entomologists (2) - 35 days (Messers D.A.Ordu & H.O. Omoigiafu) (4) Environmental Health Assistant (1) - 20 days (Ms. F. Akerele) (5) Laboratory Assistant (1) - 35 days (Mr. B. Abduraman) Equipment and Supplies: (1) Dissecting microscopes (2) * (2) Microscopes (2) * (3) Mosquito larva dippers * (4) Malaria diagnostic charts * (5) Taxonomic keys (6) Health Education materials - to be developed/modified (7) Para-sight F kits ? * (8) Slide marking pens (9) Tissues (10) Buffer (11) Giemsa; Oil emersion liquid (12) Battery aspirator (13) Torches (14) Paper cups * To be purchased in U.S.A via BASICS. Part I-10
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