Urban yellow fever epidemic in western Nigeria, 1987. (Inmotion hosting)
Urban yellow fever epidemic in western Nigeria, 1987. Nasidi A; Monath TP; DeCock K; Tomori O; Cordellier R; Olaleye OD; Harry TO; Adeniyi JA; Sorungbe AO; Ajose-Coker AO; et al Federal Vaccine Production Laboratories, Yaba, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (ENGLAND) May-Jun 1989, 83 (3) p401-6, ISSN A large epidemic of urban yellow fever occurred in April and May 1987 in Oyo State, western Nigeria. The principal vector was Aedes aegypti, breeding in domestic water containers. The 1987 outbreak followed an epidemic of sylvatic yellow f6ver in eastern Nigeria the previous year, and probably resulted from introduction of the virus by viraemic travellers. The outbreak in Oyo State ended in early July, by which time 805 cases and 416 deaths had been officially notified. However, surveys of 3 villages in the epicentre, a region with over 4 million inhabitants, indicated an infection rate of approximately 20%, a clinical attack rate of 2.9% and a mortality rate of 0.6%, suggesting that the true incidence of cases and deaths far exceeded the official reports. Yellow fever virus was isolated from persons with fully developed yellow fever as well as mild febrile illness. One virus isolate was made from blood of an individual with mild illness, who had received 17D vaccine 5 d earlier; monoclonal antibody analysis showed that the isolate was a wild-type virus. Larval indices of Ae. aegypti were very high; however, low vector competence of the Ae aegypti population may have provided a constraint on spread of the epidemic. In late 1987 a third epidemic appeared in Niger State, northern Nigeria, with 644 reported cases and 149 deaths. The vector(s) involved is (are) unknown. Epidemic yellow fever in eastern Nigeria, 1986. De Cock KM; Monath TP; Nasidi A; Tukei PM; Enriquez J; Lichfield P; Craven RB; Fabiyi A; Okafor BC; Ravaonjanahary C; et al Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. Lancet (ENGLAND) Mar 19 1988, 1 (8586) p630-3, ISSN 0140-6736 An epidemic of yellow fever occurred in the eastern part of Nigeria during the second half of 1986. Oju, in Benue State, was the most heavily affected region, but yellow fever also occurred in surrounding areas, particularly Ogoja, in Cross River State. In Oju, the mean attack and mortality rates were 4.9% and 2.8%, respectively. Sex and age specific rates were highest in males and in the 20-29 yr age group. The overall case fatality rate was approximately 50%. Diagnosis was confirmed by IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement fixation (CF) tests. Entomological investigations implicated Aedes africanus; as the epidemic vector. Oju alone probably had about 9800 cases of yellow fever with jaundice, and some 5600 deaths. Outbreaks of this nature could be prevented by inclusion of yellow fever in the Expanded Programme on Immunisation, in areas subject to recurrent epidemics. Part I-30
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